美国研究生奖学金解析
来源:哈鲁教育 2014-02-28
对于很多申请美国研究生的学生来说,申请美国大学的同时可以申请美国留学奖学金,特别是去申请美国研究生的学生更应该申请美国研究生奖学金,下面就来看看美国研究生奖学金的介绍。
美国奖学金分类:
从严格意义上讲,所谓美国大学“奖学金”应称为“经济资助(financial aid)”,这些奖学金有些是基金会、企业、公司、工厂或私人捐助给学院的,金额从五百美元到十几万美元不等,大部分限制只提供给美国公民,供给国际学生的很少。
financial aid:
money provided to the student and the family to help them pay for the students education. major forms of financial aid include gift aid (grants and scholarships) and self-help aid (loans and work).
fellowship:
ma form of aid given to graduate students to help support their education. some fellowships include a tuition waiver or a payment to the university in lieu of tuition. most fellowships include a stipend to cover reasonable living expenses (e.g., just above the poverty line). fellowships are a form of gift aid and do not have to be repaid.
scholarship
a form of financial aid given to undergraduate students to help pay for their education. most scholarships are restricted to paying all or part of tuition expenses, though some scholarships also cover room and board. scholarships are a form of gift aid and do not have to be repaid. many scholarships are restricted to students in specific courses of study or with academic, athletic or artistic talent.
grant:
a type of financial aid based on financial need that the student does not have to repay.
graduate assistantship:
there are two types of graduate assistantships: teaching assistantships (ta) and research assistantships (ra). tas and ras receive a full or partial tuition waiver and a small living stipend. tas are required to perform teaching duties. ras are required to perform research duties, not necessarily related to the students thesis research.
renewable scholarships:
a scholarship that is awarded for more than one year. usually the student must maintain certain academic standards to be eligible for subsequent years of the award. some renewable scholarships will require the student to reapply for the scholarship each year; others will just require a report on the students progress to a degree.
研究生奖学金的申请:
fellowship:
fellowship是一种对在进行研究工作的人员给予的较高额奖学金,是给研究生的经济资助中竞争最为激烈的奖学金。如果获得了fellowship,即除了免学杂费、住宿费、保险费、书本费以外,还给获奖学生一定金额作为其个人消费费用。同时不必服务,也不用纳税,这种奖学金是完全意义上的“全奖”。
graduate assistantship
teaching assistantship (ta):a form of financial aid awarded to graduate students to help support their education. teaching assistantships usually provide the graduate student with a waiver of all or part of tuition, plus a small stipend for living expenses. as the name implies, a ta is required to perform teaching-related duties.
research assistantship (ra): a form of financial aid awarded to graduate students to help support their education. research assistantships usually provide the graduate student with a waiver of all or part of tuition, plus a small stipend for living expenses. as the name implies, an ra is required to perform research duties. sometimes these duties are strongly tied to the students eventual thesis topic.
这种属于服务性奖学金,获得此类资助者每周担任12-20小时的辅助教学或研究工作。这种经济资助只提供给硕士或者博士申请者。绝大多数的美国高校研究生院都设置这种资助,然而并非所有的此类资助都能覆盖一年中的全部费用,但多数都在全部金额的2/3以上。不过很多学校提供这种奖学金的同时,还会给学生免学杂费,也就相当于申请到“全奖”。在这里有一点要说明:ta/ra所得是要纳税的。
tuition waiver
实际上tuition waiver并不属于奖学金的范畴,而是属于经济资助,这是中国学生,尤其是非理工类申请人拿的最多的一类资助类型。它也是非服务性资助中发放最多的,最容易申请的一种。这里顺便说一句:如果你可以获得学费全部减免就是大学通常所说的“半奖”,如果再拿到ra/ta就属于“全奖”了。
本站贴士:
1.私立学校与公立学校,申请的奖学金有什么不同?
在奖学金申请方面,私立学校提供国际学生的奖学金资助项目与金额比公立学校多,除了一些政府设置的奖学金基金会以外,私立学校一般还有许多私人赞助的基金会,这些基金会多以赞助人的姓名来定名,用来赞助在某种领域内学习优秀的学生。
申请人在申请校内奖助学金和助研助教金的同时,可以在设有私人基金组织的学校同时申请一项或是几项基金资助,这样便可以扩大自己得到资助的机率。美国公立学校有时也会设立这样的基金组织,但多数美国公立学校并不把大量的基金赞助给国际学生。
2.国际学生的多少会不会影响奖学金的申请?
国际学生(尤其是研究生部国际学生)所占比例大的学校,是比较容易向国际学生颁发奖学金的。因为大多数的国际学生申请到美国学习,都不能完全提供自己的全部费用,而需要美国学校提供奖学金资助才能完成学业。
从学校上来讲,综合性学校的国际学生人数比例要比普通大学的多,最多的可以超过25%(如哈佛大学、耶鲁大学),一般综合性大学也占2%-5%。从地区来讲,美国的东南部、西南部、西北部和中部国际学生较多,中国留学生亦主要分布在这些地区,尤其以加利福尼亚州为最多,其次是伊利诺州、德克萨斯州、佛罗里达州等州。
3.作为国际学生申请奖学金的需要注意什么?
中国学生要申请到奖学金,就要了解学校有多少奖学金资助项目授予国际学生,每年有多少国际学生可以拿到奖学金,每年资助多少金额给国际学生,这样才能再根据自己的情况做到有的放矢,顺利地获得奖学金资助。
“资助国际学生总金额”一项是指授予国际学生的总奖学金资助金额,包括奖学金、助学金及其他非服务性的奖学金资助。“资助国际学生总名额”是指本年度总共得到奖学金资助的国际学生人数。
通过以上关于美国研究生奖学金申请的一些介绍,很多计划去美国读研究生的学生应该对美国留学的奖学金有了了解。
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