一、 整体构成

雅思听力4部分,40题。第一、三部分是对话,第二、四部分是独白。时长在20到25分钟之间。每部分单词在800-900之间,只能听一遍,一旦走神就会错过答案。

问题已给出,考生在听之前可以先浏览将要听到的问题。

托福听力分6部分。2-3个对话和4-6个讲座。每个对话后有5个问题,讲座后有6个问题,数目固定。时长在60到90分钟之间,每段对话词数在600个左右,讲座单词数在800-1000。停顿多,对短时记忆要求高。

二、 题型

雅思听力题型丰富,常见的有四种：选择题、表格题、完成句子和问答题。选择题考查边听边读的能力,后三种考查边听边写的能力。

地图题和搭配题是属于次常考题型,地图题考查听辨方向的能力。搭配题则要听的时候阅读多个题干和选项。

不经常出现的题型,如：图画题、图示题、推理题和判断题。

雅思听力重点考查听细节的能力,很少涉及主旨。

托福听力,准确的说,只有一种题型,选择题。也就是说,托福考试中没有需要拼写答案的题目。细分为三个类型：主旨、细节题;情景理解题;整和信息题。

三、 场景

雅思听力中有两大场景：生活类和学术类,前两部分考生活,后两部分考学术。生活类场景包括：租房、谈论家乡、旅游度假以及对于一些活动的介绍。学术类包括：新生入学、介绍图书馆;作业、研究、写论文;讲座。

托福听力中也分生活和学术两类场景。但是,托福考试中绝大部分都是学术类。关于生活类的主要涉及食宿。学术类的有关于作业、论文等,在对话中出现。讲座中会出现四类话题：艺术,生命科学,自然科学,社会科学。

四、 评分标准

雅思考试的评分标准从0到9分,有半分。对18到24个题目,得5.5到6分,对25-31个题目,得6.5到7分,对32-36个题目,得7.5到8分,以此类推。7分以上算好成绩。

托福考试的分数范围大,对33-34个题目,得28到30分,对31-32个题目,得26到29分,对29-30个题目得25到27分,以此类推。25分以上算好成绩。

仅从题目数来讲,托福似乎更难。但考虑到题型,托福就比雅思简单了。大多英联邦国家要求雅思6.5到7.5分,而托福要求总分80-100,实际对听力的要求为20-25分。

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一. 为什么要选择新托福?

具有挑战性自然不必说了,最重要的一点是它有用、实用。听力段子的内容非常up-to-date,更新很快,是北美校园课堂的真实再现,只要能通过这个考试,很少出现高分低能的情况。对于暂时不打算出国留学的考生来讲,在求职、实际工作方面也会有很大的帮助。

二. 新托福听力新特点

新托福考试所谓得听力者得天下其实并不夸张。和听力相关的部分占到了整个考试的50%,因为它和写作口语也关系密切。

1. 整个铲除了容易丢分的笔试小对话,使容易出错的各种语气题、习语和肯定否定回答大幅降低;

2. 允许考生记笔记,这部分练习显得尤为关键,时长平均5分钟的对话和讲座,没有笔记的帮助,无疑难度太大,尤其是针对细节题;

3. 重复信息,这样的题多半是考教授的语气和说话目的,大概有2-3题,通常问listen again and then answer the question why does the professor say this? 这种题也叫做语用题,和我们熟悉的小对话有类似之处。

4. 新托福关键的难词和术语显示在屏幕上,使考生心里踏实不少。

新托福听力考试包括两个部分,每个部分包括一个长对话和两个长段子,考试时间总共是50分钟。每个部分考17道题,答题时间为10分钟,节奏由自己控制,简单的题速度快一点,拿不准的题可以多花些功夫。平均来讲,大概每道题的答题时间是30秒左右。考题依然延续机考托福的规则,不可看,不可逆,不可改。

三. 新托福听力新题型

1. 表格判断题

2. 多项选择题

3. 复听题

4. 连线题

5. 排序题

part a

1.m: i spent my summer vacation at north in montana, the view of the mountain there

is so beautiful. i think it would be great to live there all year around

w: you’ve got to be kidding. i’m from there and believe me. in the winter time, it’s so cold that you couldn’t care less(你才不会关心) about the scenery.

q: what does the woman mean?

2.w: are you going to the dance tonight?

m: i’d like to, but i’ve already made plans.

q: what does the man mean?

3.w: i heard the basketball game is gonna be on tv tonight. do you have an idea what channel it could be on?

m: um, it might be on seven, but i’m not sure, the tv section of the newspaper is over there on the table

q: what does the man imply?

4.m: so, have you finished reviewing all the material for our psychology exam?

w: just about, but i still have to brush up on(复习) a few facts i’m not sure of.

q: what does the woman mean?

5. w: my parents are coming to see me this weekend, it’s their first time here

and they’re really excited to finally see the town.

m: well you know, some of the restaurants here are really pretty good, especially the one stands by the harbor.

q: what does the man suggest the woman do?

6. m: you know that promotion i thought i was going to get at the bookstore? well, i didn’t, so i’m going to see my boss tomorrow and tell her i’ve had it.

w: oh, i understand that you are upset, but, you know there just aren’t a lot

of part-time jobs out there right now. try to keep that in mind before doing anything drastic, ok?

7. m: didn’t you finish the experiment yet? it was due on friday

w: i am having so many problems. the professor has given me an extension.

8. m: does my stomach hurt? i haven’t felt very well all day.

w: mine’s feeling a little funny too. it began after we ate that seafood last night.

9. w: i can’t believe that you missed the class again. didn’t professor odell say something to you that last time?

m: well, this time is different, i had a good excuse. my car ran out of gas.

10. m: are you going to the conference in chicago? i’ve already booked my hotel room.

w: why pay for a hotel? my brother’s got plenty of room in his place.

11. w: hey, do you have amy’s new phone number?

m: she couldn’t remember when i saw her earlier today, so she said she’d call me this afternoon and give it to me then.

12. m: do you know if you’ll have any more blue shirts with the school’s logo available before the big football game on saturday?

w: if you come back tomorrow, right after the store opens. you should have better luck then.

13. w: i invited bob for friday, and he said he’d come if he isn’t working

w: if bob comes, it’s sure to be a good party.

14. w: why are you so late? i told you the movie started at seven, didn’t i?

m: sorry, i got to talk in with some people after class and before i know it, well, you can see what happened.

15. w: nancy just got that special tennis racket she ordered through the mail

m: finally, that was a long time she had to wait, i’d bet she’ll go out and use it right away.

16. w: you must be really happy getting such a good grade in such a difficult course.

m: you bet i am, and what’s even more surprising is how much i enjoy the class.

17. m: sorry, i’m late, i had to stop at home after class to put on a suit and

tie. you know, couse it’s in a world ceremony …

w: you probably should not bother it. and look around you, half of the guys here wear jeans and sweaters.

18. w: this campus offers a wide rage of extra curricula activities, whether your interests are athletics, clubs or committee center organizations.

m: thanks, i’m sure i’ll get involved in it eventually. but since it is my first year that i’m taking extra courses, i’m really pushing as it is

19. m: if i can borrow your spanish notes this weekend, i’ll be in a lot better shape for the quiz on monday

w: i’m afraid that is out of the question, don’t forget i have the same quiz.

20. w: it looks like you’ve just bruised the bone in your foot. try to stay off a couple of days until the swelling goes down.

m: hoo! i was afraid it was broken, thanks a lot dr. martin.

21. w: wow! we’ve been working on this project for over five hours, do you think we should keep going?

m: well, i don’t know about you, but i’m ready to call it a today.

22. m: i don’t know what to do about my job, every evening the boss asks us to

work later and later, i don’t mind the extra pay, but i’m just about to stretch to my limit.

w: hum, well, maybe you should say something, he might not realize you’re also a fulltime student.

23. w: besty really lost her temper at that meeting. she’s gonna have to learn to

be a lot more diplomatic(教练的)than that.

m: you are right, but you have to give a credit for taking a stand(表明观点).

24. w: wow! this paper looks like it was typed on a typewriter. how did you get your computer printed it make a look like this?

m: i didn’t, sometimes i think i am the last person on campus who doesn’t use a computer.

25. m: i am having such a hard time with the history assignment. it’s taking for ever. how about you?

w: i’m struggling too, why don’t we put our heads together?

26. w: can you believe the bus driver just yelled at me like that?

m: and just what did you think it would happen when you spill the coffee all over the floor?

27. w: i’m really impressed by how well mary is doing at school

m: she said that she owes a lot to the support of her parents.

28. m: hello, i was wondering if graduate students are allowed to use the copy

machine in the faculty resource room?

w: i’m not sure, but if you leave me your name and number, i’ll find out and get back to you.

29. m: do you think john would lend me 15 dollars until tomorrow?

w: are you kidding? he’s always broke, besides, he still owes me ten from last week.

30. m: we still haven’t decided on the time for lunch tomorrow.

w: oh, i forgot to tell you. i won’t be able to make it after all.part b

31-35. listen to a conversation between two teachers outside the chemistry building.

m: i don’t know, susan, i don’t feel like i am reaching my freshman class this semester.

w: why do you say that?

m: it’s just they seem to glaze over(眼神呆滞) with noncomprehension, even when i’m talking about the basics, they are not specially motivated either. i know the class is a first year science requirement for most of them. but i’ve got to do something.

w: jean, you know jean white, she teaches physics, she just told me about how

she livens up(活跃)her classes.

m: what did she do?

w: well, basically, she takes something they are interested in, like music, and tries to relate principal of science to that. otherwise, the concepts seem to go right over their heads.

m: do you mean, for example, she’d use rock and roll to demonstrate the principles of acoustics(声学) and physics?

w: exactly, in fact, she said she had used music, and she’d used movies, especially, science fiction in her classes too.

m: sounds like her methods worth a try. but i need a few more details. maybe i’ll gonna see her tomorrow. thanks

31, what is the man’s complaint?

32, what kind of class does the man probably teach?

33, what does the man imply is the reason for his problem?

34, what does jean white do to improve her classes?

35, what is the man’s response to jean white’s teaching method?36-38

m: ouch, how can the sand be so hot when the water’s still cold? my feet feel

like to getting blisters.

w: now, mark, were you sleeping when professor brock gave that lecture on specific heat(比热,即：使单位质量物体升高一度所需的热量) in physics class?

m: i didn’t come to san diego on spring break to talk about professor brock’s physics class.

w: i know, me neither, i was just answering your question, that’s all.

m: what question?

w: you weren’t even paying attention to your own question

m: i was just complaining about the hot sand. considering what the water’s like, i wonder how the sand can be so hot?

w: well, professor brock’s lecture on specific heat might give you a clue. water has a higher specific heat than sand.

m: then why is the sand so much hotter if water has a higher specific heat?

w: don’t you remember? specific heat is the energy need to raise the temperature of something. if something has a high specific heat, like water, it takes more energy to raise its temperature.

m: i see. so you are saying that something with a high specific heat, like water, doesn’t get hot as fast as something with a low specific heat, like sand, right?

w: right. so sand gets hot faster during the day, that’s why it’s so hot while the water’s still cool.

m: i guess you are right, i should pay more attention in class.36, what is the woman trying to explain to the man?

37, what is the man complaining about?

38, what does the woman say about the water?

那么怎样才能在托福考试当中取得理想的成绩呢?可以总结为：高分=基本实力+考试技巧。

所谓的基本实力就是要能听懂听力段子中的所讲的内容,基本实力的提高在于平时的积累。而考试技巧主要指对题型熟悉以及相应题型的出题点,这个可以在短时间里面得到很好的训练和提升。这里我们就谈谈如何在平时提升基本的听力实力。

在平时的时候可以采取听写和跟读模仿来对基本实力进行提升。听写是为了彻彻底底的清除自己的听力盲点和死角。因为有时候我们平时在听完段子后总觉得自己没有问题,对段子懂了,可是发现当我们真正要把自己听到的东西写下来的时候却发现,原来自己有很多想当然的东西居然出现了问题。这些问题考试就到包括有些词能听出音,却不知道什么意思,有些地方只有看到文本的时候才发现出现了语音现象,有些词在写的时候会突然想不起来,这些出问题的地方就是我们的听力盲点。听写是扫除这些盲点最直接有效地方法。

在听写完一个段子之后,所做的就是跟读模仿,这个训练主要是为了纠正语音语调。毕竟我们学习的是人家的语言,如果要地道,只有反复去模仿人家说话的方式。而这种模仿达到的疯狂地步就是mp3说一句,自己跟着说一句,虽然有时候可能会跟不上,可能出现只能跟得上几个单词,但是没有关系,只要反复跟读,每次哪怕是增加一个单词,那也是进步,就这样,不断跟读,直到你能完全跟得上mp3的速度。

这个时侯,你可能在句子的语调方面会得到锻炼,那么再注意语音现象,如连音、略音等,以及每个单词的发音。做到这些步骤后,往往会发现自己似乎只在过嘴和过耳,至于mp3说的什么,很多情况下并没有去想,所以这个时候,我们就要做到一心三用,即耳、嘴、脑三者同时开工。因为耳和嘴已经得到了锻炼,再加上脑,明白自己说的是什么,那么对于理解听力段子是非常有益处的。

有了基本的听力实力做保障后,我们无论遇到什么样的考试,只要出现听力,我们就可以从容应对。毕竟只有硬实力才最能说明问题。

托福听力做好笔记的两大技巧。

【技巧一】文章框架

在听文章的时候,考生应该慢慢梳理出文章的框架和脉络,知道内哪里会出现比较重要的内容,而哪里又一般不是很重要。一般笔记左边为重要内容,右边则是细节内容,而且越是往右记越是细节,当然相对来说通常也越不是很重要。基本结构是：

main idea

supporting idea

supporting idea

minor points, example, detail, etc.

main idea

【技巧二】通过信号词找到重点句

因为篇章较长,很多考生往往坚持不到听完就放弃了,所以在训练时很重要的一个技巧就是培养将文章变短变小的能力。通过确定信号词我们可以很快确定后面的内容是否重要,是否需要仔细倾听,是否可以不听,从而在避免长时间听力练习的疲劳想象。现将各种信号词分类如下：

第一： 直接提示观点、表递进关系的信号词

there are reason why

firs... second...third

what i want to talk about is...

and most important,...

a major development...

why it was so important...

a term for...

it can be defined in this way...

in other words...

in summary...

from this we see that...

we may draw the conclusion...

the thing about...

remember that...

the important idea is that...

in addition

moreover/furthermore/whats more

equally important...

next i want to mention...

that brings us to...

well be looking at a couple of ways to ...

a big sale

大减价。托福听力围绕学生生活的话题较多,学生总是没钱,所以一听到on sale 或者for sale,a big sale,等等大减价等总是非常有兴趣。

a: those are great sneakers, were they very expensive?

b: i never could have bought them if the shoe store wasn’t having a big sale.

a far cry from 离……差的老远,有很大的差别

the published book is a far cry from the early manuscript.

anything but 单单除……之外;恰恰不

对照习语：nothing but, 意为正是,只是,不过。

she is nothing but poor. 她很穷。

susan is anything but poor. 苏珊一点也不穷。

are you kidding? 你开什么玩笑?

类似说法：you must be kidding, you must be joking? are you joking ? you kidding? you joking? 等等, 一起记。

a: how did the game go the other night? did you team win ?

b: are you kidding? that would be a first.

around the clock 一天不间断,一天24小时不停

martha studied around the clock for her management exam.

be backed up (交通)堵了;(活)拖下来了

the subway is running behind schedule, and traffic is backed up for blocks. i don’t know if we’ll make the 7:15 show.

a: i have two esams and three papers to get done in the next couple of days.

b: how did it get so backed up?

be burned up 生气

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我先后考过两次托福,第一次102分,第二次108分,在第二次考试里听力居然满分,挺惊喜的。

我真正开始投入大量时间准备托福大概有3个月。由于还在上课,每天准备托福的时间也就是4小时左右。但平时去教室的路上、坐公交、吃饭时也经常是戴着耳机听voa、《科学美国人》还有《托福高分作文》配套音频。这种零碎时间加起来平均每天也应该有一个小时,闲暇时间也经常是关了字幕看英文电影。

一般情况下,尤其是对于像我这种工科生,大学里在准备gt之前是很少会花大量心血准备英语的。记得有同学开玩笑说过,如果是高三暑假去考托福就好了。的确,没有 gt的话,大学生的英语水平通常是逐年降低的。想让逐渐降低的英语水平反弹,肯定是需要一番决心的。

做事都要遵循一个循序渐进的原则,听力的提高也不例外。如果一个英语基础一般的大学生直接用voa来练听力,那多半是坚持不下来的——过高的强度会导致大脑的罢工,非常容易走神。我开始练习听力时是用老托福的听力材料,就那种1分多钟1篇的。这套音频的语速、内容都不算太难理解,而且有对应的文章可以看,听的时候发现自己哪里跟不上了可以马上停下来看文章。如果想同时练习写作的同学可以换成《托福高分作文》配套音频听。

等到老托福听力材料已经能听懂80%,就可以提高难度了。作为面向外国人的英语能力测试,老托福的语速、连读情况和真正美国人说话自然还是有差别。而在老托福的听力材料之后,我就直接强迫自己听voastandard。这个跨度很大,主要是因为我没能找到难度居于两者之间的听力材料。voa的语速已经比新托福考试要快了,但其价值也正是如此。所谓求其上上得其上,如果把voa都能听懂,还怕托福听力吗?但果不其然,初听voa时我大脑出现了严重的罢工现象,常常没听几分钟就走神了。为了让自己集中注意力,我开始听说。

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老托福听力对新托福听力的备考依然有重要的作用,老托福听力的语速比较快,有助于提高同学们的辨音能力,本站网整理老托福听力partc精选第28期,包括英文原文+音频,考生们不妨练习一下。

in the few minutes that remain of todays class, id like to discuss next weeks schedule with you. because im presenting a paper at a conference in detroit on thursday, i wont be here for either wednesdays or fridays class. i will, however, be here for mondays. next friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester. professor andrews has agreed to administer the exam. in place of the usual wednesday class, ive arranged an optional review session. since it is optional, attendance will not be taken; however, attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. so, remember: optional class next wednesday; midterm, friday.

【生词摘录】

1. detroit: the largest city in michigan and a major great lakes port; center of the united states automobile industry; located in southeastern michigan on the detroit river across from windsor 底特律

2. administer: v. to organize the way a test or punishment is given, or the way laws are used 执行,实施

3. optional: adj. if something is optional, you do not have to do it or use it, but you can choose to if you want to 可选择的,非强制的

4. attendance: n. [c,u]the number of times that you go to a meeting, class etc that is held regularly 出席率,到场次数

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一、单词是英语的基础,听力也不例外

想更好的理解听力,也必须具有一定的词汇量。词汇的积累,最快还是通过背单词。听力对于单词的大体要求接近于阅读,但是要注意俚语(对话)和专业词汇(讲座)。这两部分一般在字典里没有。英语单词的形象或者声音与它的含义之间,存在着巨大的联系,每个英语单词都不是凭空捏造而成的,都是语言学家和哲学家或者劳动人民根据他们对于生活中某一概念创造出来的。 所以在记忆单词方面我们可以从分析构词法上来背诵单词,可以做到事半功倍。分析单词的结构, 记住单词的词根,前缀, 后缀等。这样可以举一反三, 效果明显, 印象深刻。当然每个人记忆单词的方法各不相同,也许此种方法适合你, 找到最适合自己的方法去记忆单词是非常重要的。

二、要清楚的知道单词的正确发音

这不仅对于口语是至关重要的,对于听力也是一样的。如果知道了一个单词的意思。却不知道这个单词的发音。那么,在听的时候,无法辨别单词,自然就无法了解其含义了。对于这个问题,有如下解决方案：

通过纠正发音, 现在一般的单词书都配有磁带或者光盘,在记单词的时候或者记完单词后,跟读几遍。纠正不正确的发音,最起码做到认识这个单词正确的发音。不至于听的时候听不懂.

泛听是一个很好的途径, 它可以培养语感. 平时没事的时候, 塞上耳机,不管听的懂,听不懂,先听,培养耳朵对于英语熟悉的感觉,并锻炼自己时不时地抓两个认识的词出来。国内的学生一般都没有英语的听力环境,所以对于英语很不适应,常常会出现听听力打瞌睡,无法集中精神等现象。但你在听汉语的时候就不会这样了. 所以要把英语像汉语一样融入到你的日常生活去,习惯它,适应它。

精听是用来培养准确性的. 认识了单词正确的发音,并且能够适应长期听英语,下来就提高准确率了。所以要精听了,拿出一个听力来,反复听,适应它的发音,捕捉里面的单词。理解其含义。记下自己不理解的地方,打开文本,然后找自己为什么没有听明白,然后一一对应,有的放矢。

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介词：

•about

注意点：在第三条中,动词过去式和过去分词后面引导的都是上节课涉及到的内容,所以即使大家听到了discuss这个词也可以放弃这部分内容。而只要听好并把握准today后面要讲的内容即可,也就是be going to/will 后面引导的内容!那么,about就是一个经常引导主要内容的一个介词。这个词很关键,要求听准其后面的宾语是什么!因为这个宾语就是解题的关键。

conversation 引导主旨题信号标志词总结

1. wonder (e.g. i was wondering,…)

2. think (e.g. i am thinking, i was thinking,….)

3. hope (i was hoping,…)

4. need (do you need, i need….)

5. figure out, work out, sort out,

conversation的主要内容,一般情况下都是以上的这些词引导的。常用句型已在后面括号中标注出来。请同学们谨记在心。

主旨题的选项特征

在选择选项的时候,大家一定要避免选择如下选项：1)范围小-细节进入主旨题(最常见);2)范围大-没锁定主旨;3)不正确选项(即文章中根本没有涉及到的内容)

正确选项特征如下：( 以下是比较典型的主旨题的选项特征)

1)长的名词结构：(技巧：先定位比较of和that前面的词,在原文中找同意替换。之后确定of和that后面的宾语是否符合原文)

a) …of….

b) …that…

e.g. script

so, i wanted to discuss a few other terms here…actually, some, uh some ideas about how we manage our resources. let’s talk about what that…what that means. if we take a resource like water…well,

q: what is the talk mainly about?

a. a common method of managing water supply.

b. the formation of underground water systems.

c. natural processes that renew water supplies.

d. maintaining the purity of underground water system.

文章中的这句话i wanted to discuss a few other terms here…some ideas about很明确的点出了文章的内容主旨。根据上面的讲解,我们很容易把握discuss和about这两个词!所以,about后面的how we manage our resources就是文章的主旨了!所以根据同义替换,我们可以将how这个词替换为a选项的method而且of 后面的宾语(managing water supply)也同原文内容(how we manage our resources)一致!正确答案为a.。

2). 以how, what, why开头

e.g. script

…so the earth’s surface is made up of these huge segments, these tectonic plates. and these plates move, right? but how can, uh, motion of plates, do you think, influence climate on the earth? again, all of you probably read this section in the book, i hope, but, uh, uh, how— how can just motion of the plates impact the climate?

q: what is the main topic of the talk?

a. the differences in climate that occur in different countries.

b. how movement of the earth’s plates can affect climate.

c. why the ocean has less effect on climate than previously thought.

d. the history of the climate of the region where the college is located

这道题可以明显根据部分文章重复找出答案!重复句式为but how can, uh, motion of plates, do you think, influence climate on the earth?去掉其中的插入语,我们可以提炼出how can motion of plates influence climate on the earth。与这句话一致的是b选项!其中,可以找到原文与选项的同义替换是motion=movement、effect= impact/ influence。从这道题目可以看出：特殊疑问词也是主旨题正确选项的一大特征!

3)to do

e.g. script (lecture)

k. another ancient greek philosopher we need to discuss is aristotle–aristotle’s ethical theory. what aristotle’s theory is all about is this: he is trying to show you how to be happy—what true happiness is.

q: what is the main purpose of the lecture?

a. to illustrate the importance of extrinsic values

b. to explain aristotle’s views about the importance of teaching

c. to explain why people change what they value

d. to discuss aristotle’s views about human happiness

to do结构在主旨题中出镜率很高,目的主旨的选项大部分以to do结构开头。那么,解题的宗旨就是比较动词do的形式和用词!如果原文中用到的动词与选项一致,同学可以首先定位此选项,再比较后面的宾语即可。ok. another ancient greek philosopher we need to discuss is aristotle–aristotle’s ethical theory.从原文中可以看到discuss这个词,那么这个词正好与d选项中的discuss相吻合,而其后的宾语human happiness也一致!所以答案无可厚非为d。若选项中do的形式与原文不一致,那么我们需要做的就是同义替换。请看下面的例子：

e.g. script (conversation)

•s: i was hoping you could look over my note cards for my presentation…just to see what you think of it.

•p: okay, so refresh my memory: what’s your presentation about?

q: why does the student visit the professor?

a. to get some note cards for his presentation

b. to show her some examples of common errors in research

c. to review the notes for his presentation with her

d. to ask for help in finding a topic for his presentation.

在这篇文章中,引导conversation主旨题的标志词是i was hoping,在其之后出现的动词关键词是look over。名词关键词为：note cards for my presentation。所以,与原文一致的选项应该找look over的同义替换,即review!所以应该选择c选项。

以上就是主旨题需要注意的细节信息和解题技巧,希望能对大家在准备托福听力考试的过程中起到指引作用。

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