no1. 第一感觉原则：通俗的说就是听见什么,选什么原则

该原则是最基本的原则。为toefl听力段子十大黄金原则之首,因为其它九大原则都建立在它的基础之上。

no2. 重复原则,即重复率高即关注原则。

听段子时,要特别注意那些重复率高的词或概念。因为重复率高的东西容易引起我们听者的注意。毕竟托福的测试对象是我们这些把英语作为第二语言的人,所以ets的考点也只能是那些对我们而言,通过努力能听懂的地方。

no3. 关注建议原则

听段子时,要特别注意那些含有建议含义的词或结构。因为无论段子还是对话,建议的地方永远做考点。

历年toefl听力段子中最常考的建议类结构汇编：

1) you should

2) i suggest / i propose / i recommend

3) proposal / tips / suggestion / advice/ recommedation

4) had better do sth. / be better off doing sth.

5) how about…? / what about…?

6) why not…? / why don’t you…?

7) if i were you, i would…/ i wouldn’t…

8) would it make things go faster if you…?

9) maybe / perhaps you…

10) how does … sound?

no4. 强调原则

乍听上去,强调原则显得很笼统。其实具体可分为两大类：语义强调和语气、语调强调。语义强调包括含义强调、解释强调、举例强调、级别强调、结论强调、对比强调等六种。语气、语调强调包括重音强调、停顿强调、清晰强调等三种。

1. 增加词汇量.熟练掌握常考场景词汇,包括学习场景(选课、授课、考试、作业、论文、图书馆、科目),背单词必须做到纠正发音。

2.反复记忆

3.耳朵熟悉,形成听觉形象。考生之所以觉得听不懂,一是生词太多,即便语速再慢,还是不知所云。二是速度跟不上,听起来跟一锅粥似的。耳朵跟眼睛差着十万八千里。人家说话已经说到哈尔滨了,你的耳朵还停留在北京西客站呢。背单词绝对不能只用眼睛,要听单词,说单词,让耳朵熟悉它。

4.单词要有选择地背。动词和形容词绝对要见一个背一个,因为动词是一个句子的灵魂,形容词表明立场、状态和心情。此外,词要一串一串地背,近义词、同义词、反义词,这样效率能提高许多。还要注意词的不同形式,比如miracle变成形容词成了miraculous,autumn 变成形容词成了autumnal,用眼睛看可能不成问题,但是听起来由于重音的变化,发而成了生词。再次证明词一定要音形同步,及眼睛和耳朵同步。

5.掌握美音发音特点,注意连读、吞音、音变

6.辨别句子中的重点词、重读词、反复重复的词

7.熟练掌握语气语调,判断态度和立场

8.掌握出题规律,一边听,一边判断出什么地方有题

9.练习边听边记,不是逐字逐句都记,而是有题的地方才记,最后两条是听力功夫的最高境界。在我的课堂上就听力笔记会有详尽系统的讲解,还会让同学们形成听力模版,新托福听力绝对有很强的规律," follow me, and i will show you how easy it is!"

1、关于out在托福听力中常用的用法

out of town 出差/out of print绝版/out of breath上气不接下气/out of the way偏远 绕道/out of this world举世无双/out of order 坏了

make out/figure out 处理 解决 辨认 搞清楚

work out/straighten out 搞定 处理解决

think out/help out 想出

clean out/eat/dine out 打扫干净 出去吃

weed out/give out/turn out 处理解决 说出

work out 锻炼

turn out 结果时,显示出

2、托福听力中关于hand的常用用法

all hands熟练/have one’s handful忙碌/hand in/out/down上缴,奋发,祖传/come in handy立即马上做某事/give sb. a big hand帮忙,鼓掌

3、托福听力生物类

insectivorous plant食虫动物/carnivore食肉动物/herbivore食草动物/devour吞/chlorophyll叶绿素/nitrogen氮/victim牺牲者/species物种/in depth/venus fly- tray捕虫草/bristle bristle one’s hair with anger怒发冲冠/instantaneously立即 马上architect/element/minder阻碍/eyesore 眼睛疼 眼中钉

4、托福听力地理地质

account for导致 引起/arm海湾/cut off切断/great lakes美国五大/glacier冰川/carve out雕刻/earth crust地壳/mantle 地幔

5、托福听力金钱的词汇

change /cash/coin硬币/note纸币/ cheque /credit card/debit card 带密码,从银行提钱

fund/fine罚款/fee费用总称/tuition学费/fare交通费/fringe benefit额外福利/toll过桥费

6、托福听力专业词汇

8do and 8 don’t(八荣八耻)

7、托福听力一词多意

expect　预计　希望 wear 穿　戴　磨损　擦香水

put up with 忍受　cut down on 减少

can you make it?你能来吗? make do with　凑合着用

pick up 摘 买

8、托福听力习语词汇

all hands have one’s handful 忙

be under the weather 身体不舒服 eat one’s words 收回某人的话

dragon lady 丑女

dog-beat 累得跟狗似的

crash course　速成班

gender biased 性别歧视

1.flying colors--success, victory

2.little by little--gradually

3.call off--cancel

4.come into--receive, especially after anothers death

5.put off--postpone

6.stop by--make a brief visit on ones way elsewhere

7.tie up--hinder

8.be out for--trying to get

9.fill in for--take anothers place

10.turn down-- (1) refuse or reject (2) reduce the loudness of

11.go off--begin to ring

12.cut down--lessen; reduce; limit

13.come up with--produce; supply

14.make it-- (1) achieve a specific goal (2) succeed in general

15.catch ones eye--attract ones attention

16.care for-- (1) like; value (2) look after; take care of

17.head and shoulders above--much better

18.catch on--become popular

19.on the whole--in general

20.fill sb in--tell what sb should know

21.in a nutshell--in a few words

22.from top to bottom--completely; entirely

23.take the plunge--enter with sudden decision upon an unfamiliar course of action

24.on the tip of ones tongue--unable to be recalled

25.cheer up--feel happy; stop being sad or discouraged; become hopeful

26.hold off--postpone; delay

27.on cloud nine--a state of perfect happiness

28.back out--withdraw from an undertaking

29.grin and bear it--be as cheerful as possible in pain or trouble; do something without complaining

30.turn out to be--come to be; prove

31.bite off more than one can chew--attempt something that exceeds ones ability

32.in the air--uncertain

33.get hold off--find a person so you can speak with him

34.learn the ropes--acquire thorough or special knowledge of a job

35.tear oneself away from--depart with great reluctance; force oneself to leave

36.tie up--engage or occupy completely

37.touch on--mention a subject briefly or casually

39.see to it--take care; take the responsibility; make sure

40.get along with--live or work in harmony with

41.give away--give as present

42.account for--explain

43.out of print--no longer available for purchase from the publisher

44.send out--distribute

45.in no time--in a very brief time; almost at once

46.before long--soon; without much delay

47.play by ear—(1)play an instrument without using written music (2)handle a matter without adequate preparation or guidance

48.wear and tear--loss or damage caused by use

49.come what may--no matter what happens

50.drop by--make a short or unplanned visit

51.be short of--not having enough

52.cut it out--stop doing sth

53.be sick of--be tired of; having a strong dislike of

54.look for a needle in a haystack(a bottle)--search for something in a place where it is hopelessly lost.

55.knock oneself out--work very hard; make a great effort

56.run up against--encounter

57.far from--anything but; not at all

58.far from it--by no means; not at all

59.hang on to--hold tightly; keep firmly

60.get nowhere--be unsuccessful; obtain no result

61.day in and day out--every day; all the time

62.break down--cease to function

63.get going--get started; begin to move

64.take ones time--not hurry

65.boil down to--indicate, especially as a final judgment or analysis

66.make up--take a test for the second time

67.put up with--bear with patience; tolerate

68.by and by--before long

69.give someone a hand--help; assist

70.ring a bell--sound familiar

71.snap out of it--

(1)change ones habits, attitude,etc, suddenly

(2)regain ones composure, energy,or good spirits; recover

72.raise the roof--make trouble; start a fight or an argument

73.get away with--escape without punishment

74.on business--with definite work to do

75.look up--search for; as an item of information, in a reference book

76.let up--(1)cease; stop (2) slacken; abate

77.in any case(or event)--no matter what happens

78.come out--be published

79.look into--investigate; inspect

80.fall back on--rely on

81.spell out--explain very clearly or in detail

82.wrap up--bring to end, especially a successful conclusion

1. amazing 2. at your service 3.all in all

4. all the best 5.allow me 6.after you

7.any clubs 8.be good 10.by no means

11.believe me 12.bless you 13.bottoms up

14.cut it out 15.check it out 16.could be

17.care for.... 18.deal 19.dog tired

20.drop my place 21.definitely 22.exactly

23.easy job 24.fantastic 25.face the music

26.face to face 27.free of charge 28.freeze

29.got it 30.guess what 31.gorgeous

32.hopefully 33.hands off 34.have mercy

36.how dare you 37.how is it going 38.i quit

39.i am flattered 40.i am all ears 41.i,ll say

42.i see eye to eye with you 43.i am impressed 44.i owe you one

45.i am with you 46.i am beat 47.it makes on sense

48.it hurts 49.it depends 50.jet lag

51.kill the time 52.let it be 53.leave me alone

54.lousy 55.lucky you 56.marvelous

57.mind your own business 58.my treat 59.my turn

60.no way 61.nonsense 62.no comment

63.no wonder 64.no big deal 65.no doubt about it

66.nope 67.nothing much 68.no way out

69.oops 70.oh,no 71.piece of cake

72.pull yourself together 73.put it in this way 74.play it cool

75.quite a place 76.right or wrong 77.so so

78.same to you 79.stick to it 80.superb

81.stingy 82.suit me fine 83.terrific

84.there it is 85.thank heaven 86.thank you all the same

87.that,s it for today 88.tell you what 89.time flies

90.wow 91.watch out 92.watch your step

93.what,s up 94.who knows 95. why bother

96.what,s going on 97.you,re telling me 98.you bet

99.you deserve it 100.you never know 101.you know what

102.you said it 103.it is a long story 104.it is my day

105.it,s worth a try 106.just in the nick of time 107.just a moment

108.just wait and see 109.make yourself at home 110.you are pulling my legs

一、租房 renting a house

land/lord, land/lady

types dormitory hostel hotel flat,bedsitters

surroundings rural areas, suburb, downtown

rooms single room, double bedroom, bathroom, kitchen,balcony

facilities shower, central heater(ing), radiators, refrigerator

bed central air-conditioning(中央空调)。

electric stores(电炉),radiators(暖气)

ectricity,utensil(器具、用具、家庭用具)

facilities in bed bed linen, spread(床罩),pillow, mattress, sheet, blanket, cushion

parts entrance hall(lobby, porch)

personal information

of boarders: pay weekly/monthly

lease, utilities, unfurnished/furnished,

blackout(停电) guests and hours

二、 学校生活

(1)学习篇

enrolment 注册

selective/elective/option 选修课

required course/compulsory course 必修课

course arrangement 课程安排

application form 申请表

letter of recommendation 推荐信

programme/program 某一专业的课程总称

school 学院

graduate school 研究生院

undergraduate 本科

postgraduate 研究生

school of arts and sciences 文理学院

score 成绩

credit 学分

degrees 学位

assessment 对学生的学习情况进行评估

handout 上课老师发的印刷品

assignment 作业

presentation 针对某一专题进行的发言

project 需要学生进行独立钻研的课外课题

paper/thesis/dissertation 论文/硕士论文/博士论文

essay 短论文

journal 周记/每周要做的作业

participation 出勤

lecture 老师的讲课

tutorial 助教的辅导

ta(teaching assistant) 助教

(2) 生活篇

campus 校园

common room (英)师生公用的休息室

canteen 餐厅

dining hall 食堂

cafeteria 自助小餐厅

accommodation 住宿

dorm/dormitory 宿舍

dormmate/roommate/flatmate/housemate 合租一间宿舍/公寓/房屋的人

parking lot 停车场

parking regulations 停车规定

shopping mall 购物中心

teaching building 教学楼/教室楼

lecture theatre 大教室/阶梯教室

administrating office/admin office 行政办公室

laboratory/lab 实验室

student union 学生会

society 学生社团

club 学生俱乐部

student account 银行中的学生帐户

current account 现金帐户

chequebook/checkbook 支票本

withdraw cash 取钱

deposit money in a bank 存钱

(3) 课题研究篇

research 研究

deadline 最后期限

poll (民意)调查

survey 调查

hypothesis 假设

statistics 统计

statistically valid 统计学上有效的

data/datum 数据

investigation 调查

quantitative 数量的/定量的

significant difference 显著的差异

interview 访谈

respondents/interviewee 回答调查问题者/被访谈的人

questionnaire 调查问卷

multiple choice questions 选择题

analyze/analyse data 分析数据

results 结果

conclusion 结论

interpretation 解释/阐释

opinion 观点

1. 训练要有针对性

大家要防止走入一种误区,就是泛泛地去听voa, cnn之类的英语音频。其实很多时候,听懂和做题目是有很大区别的。不是戴着耳机一直听,一直听,就能做好听力题目的。所以,我们一定要在做题中,训练自己的听力水平。听力考试是有针对性的,因此,我们在听的过程中,一定要结合题目,如此才能检测、提升我们的做题水平。那么,以真题为素材就是一个很有针对性的选择。一方面可以了解题型和出题的倾向,一方面可以实战性地进行训练。

2. 切忌反复循环

听力内容如果放了几遍都听不出来,就不要再执着地听下去了。这时,你一定是遇到知识的盲点了。或者有生词、不熟悉的表达、连读之类的。这时候,我们要做的就是翻开录音文稿,来看听力内容,找出知识盲点,扫除听力障碍。将这些知识盲点都打通,再去听,就会有一个提高了。不然反复多次的听其实听不懂的内容,只能是浪费时间。

3. 背诵一些听力容易出现的词汇

在平时的练习中,要多积累一些听力易出现的词汇。当这些词出现时,也能大概反映出文章要说的内容了。听力考试大多是常识性考试,如果遇到听不太懂的情况,也能凭借这些词汇,大致猜出来一二了。

4. 学会做听力笔记

在听的过程中,切忌盲听。否则初听后感觉良好。但是一做题,就发现很多题目拿不准,尤其是细节类的试题。所以,在听的过程中,一定要学会做笔记。这一点是很重要的。所以,在平时的练习中,也要注意学做笔记,为之后的做题提供支撑。

5. 做好精听

做好一篇精听,所能掌握的内容要比一篇泛听多得多,收获也会多得多。所以,平时练习时,不能贪多,贪多嚼不烂,还不如不嚼。多篇泛听其实还不如老老实实做好一篇精听,将听力中反映出来的盲点各个击破,收获会更大一些。

一、辨音能力

托福听力的境界有高下之分,刚开始的时候,是一个单词一个单词地去听,慢慢地可以一个意群一个意群地去听,再后来,可以一个句子一个句子地去听,当然,到了一定境界,你就会忘记你听到的是英语,而进入耳朵的只是一个一个的意思。这就像你听汉语一样,我们从来不去想我正在听汉语。这是一种得意忘形的境界。如果你达到了这种境界,那么托福听力立刻就成了我们小学的社会科学课考试,极其简单。

但是,对于一个跟着中国的中学教育、大学教育,然后考过四六级的人来说,是远远达不到这种境界的。所以,在准备托福听力的时候,我们首先要做的功课,就是解决对英语的辨音能力。辨音能力指的是听到一个单词能反应出它的意思,让它成为你的积极的听觉词汇。

二、反应速度

以英语为母语的人在听到一个单词之后的反应速度是0.03秒,我们不是以英语为母语的,所以我们对单词的反应速度可能不能完全达到这个指标,但是尽可能地去接近它,无疑是取得托福听力高分必须做到功课。

因为你在听托福听力的时候,ets不可能等你听明白了前面的单词,然后再放后面的录音,而事实上,托福听力的语速也只是美国大学教授上课的一半语速,所以,不仅为了取得托福高分,更重要的是为了到美国能跟上美国的课堂,我们花大力气将反应速度练上去是完全必要的。

而练习反应速度的最重要也是最有效的一个方法,叫做变速练习。变速练习指的是利用变速软件加快语速,来增加我们对材料反应的灵敏度和准确度。但有一点要强调的是,变速练习只适合于对你常速已经可以听懂的材料进行,因为如果对你不熟悉或者本来就听不懂的材料进行变速,那么结果必然是更加听不懂,这样的意义是不大的。明白了这一点,那么你就知道了其实变速练习的材料是十分广泛的,既可以是你已经听写过的老托段子,也可以是sss的材料,更可以是你已经做过的托福听力题。

三、听力笔记

新托福针对老托的最明显的改革之一,就是允许考生在一边听听力的时候一边记笔记,这不仅是因为新托的听力变长了,需要利用笔记来弥补脑记的不足,更重要的是,这符合美国大学课堂对学生课堂上课的真实需求。托福听力,尤其是讲座,考到的题目都是重点的信息,包括主要话题、重要细节和文章结构等。如果能在听听力的过程中,记下这些重要的内容,那么对于做题是帮助极大的。

当然,要强调的是,较强的托福听力笔记能力是需要建立在前两项能力较强的基础上。如果你听一篇材料,还是需要经常去反应很多单词的意思,或者你的反应速度很慢,那么你是不可能心有余力去记笔记的。

而针对托福听力的笔记,最主要需要记下来的信息包括两点：一是yes or no(√×),二是对应(术语和定义的对应,数字、时间、人名、颜色、方位和对象的对应,以及人名、地名,和建筑名称和它们的特征的对应)。另外,笔记也有一个基本的格式,最关键是要记出主、问、例。只有这样去记,才能保证你的笔记层次清晰、逻辑清晰、信息有效,也才能真正在考试的有限时间内迅速做题。

1,give out——分给人们,分发

-the dormitory laundry service gives out clean sheets each week, doesnt it?

2,give credibility to——相信

-did you hear about jam(拥挤,堵塞) jim——你听说有关jim的事了吗

i wouldnt give that rumor any credibility

3,give sb a ride——让某人搭车

-can i give you a ride over there?

4,give up——放弃,投降,屈服

-you are not going to give it up, are you?

-i think i am going to give up playing table tennis i lost again today

just because you lost, is there any reason to quit

5,give someone a break——行行好吧, 用于口语(与人方便)

-give me a break; i am nervous enough as it is?　 行行好吧,我已经够紧张的了

6,go ahead——开始做某事

-do go ahead before with your dessert?　 吃点甜点吧

7,go around——足够分配

-are there enough assignment sheets to go around?

8,go in for——从事,致力于; 参加,追求

-what he wants to do is get someone to go in for him just pass back the mid-term exams

他希望有人可以帮助他通过期中考试

9,go off——开始响起来

-she never wakes up before her alarm goes off

10,go out of ones way——格外努力,比往常多做

-i was touched that our neighbor brought over a dish when we moved in

yes, miss smith really goes out of her way for others

1,its who you know that counts——认识的人起作用

-did you hear that greg got a job in his uncles law office?

like they say, its who you know that counts

2,is ice cold ——理所当然

-does professor ford always come to class?

is ice cold?

3,it never fails——总是发生

-it never fails; plan a big picnic and it sure to rain

-it never fails its raining hard outside and i am stark stuck 来自 stick 阻延或推迟 without an umbrella (困在里面)

id like to let you have mine, but i have to go out soon

4,inside out ——里朝外

-here i am, i am lucky i made it to the exam on time

i can see you are in a hurry; you are wearing your sweater inside out

5,keep an eye——留意

-one of the members of the dormitory counselor is quitting, do you know of anyone who would be interested in and taking her place?

i am not sure, but ill certainly keep an eye on for you

6,keep from——抑制,防止

-no one could keep him from speaking

7,keep track of——掌握..的线索,注意动向,通晓世态

-you certainly have a lot clocks there seems to be one in every room

my family gives them to me because i have trouble keeping track of the time

8,knock oneself out ——使自己筋疲力尽

-gorier has been knocking herself out on that project

9,last ——最不情愿的

-the last person i want to see is jeff

-would you like to come mountain climbing with us?

thats the last thing in the world i ever want to do

-i thought paul might be able to help me figure out this computer program

paul is about the last person id ask if i were you

10,lay off ——临时解雇,暂时辞退

-i got some bad news today

the store where i work is laying off staff

are they going to let you go?

11,leave much to be desired——不令人满意,有待改善

-well dietitians(营养学家) work hard to offer students nutritious and well-balanced diet

many of our young men and women claimed that brandy bramley food like most dorm food leaves

much to be desired

12,light up ——突然快活,高兴起来

-those flowers light up the whole room

13,like apples and oranges ——用来表示无法相比的事物

-which game do you think is more difficult to learn, chess or bridge

they are like apples and oranges

14,look for a needle in a hay stack——大海捞针

-we are supposed to meet john here at the train station

thats like looking for a needle in a hay stack (干草堆)

15,live by oneself——独自一人生活

-mary said she wanted to live by herself

16,line up ——准备停当,计划安排

-i have this great job lined up to manage the closing door clothing store at them all at the mall.——排列起来,排成队

-look at all those cars lined up for the ferry (等待摆渡); there must be forty ahead of us

yeah, i think its going to be a while

17,look forward to——盼望,期待

-i am really looking forward to the picnic tomorrow

if we are lucky well have some sun this year for a change

18,look up to ——把某人当作好榜样模仿, 尊重,尊敬

-dianna looks up to her teacher

-i hear your older sister is on the olympic team and on the honors list; she must be quite a person

she sure is, ive always looked up to her

19,look over ——检查,查看

-the professor asked us to look over our papers for mistakes

20,look into ——调查,审查,研究

-martin is looking into the possibility of getting alone getting a loan(贷款)